离子交换膜间水的电离及其应用

本文通过分析纯水的电离,讨论了普通电渗析(ED)和填充床电渗析(EDI)中水的电离现象及其相关 机理。EDI过程中水电离产生的H+和OH-离子可以自再生离子交换树脂。文中简单介绍了已得到产业化的EDI 技术和正在推广中的离子交换树脂的电再生技术。     

Hot-pressurized fluid extraction of flavonoids and phenolic acids from Brazilian propolis and their cytotoxic assay in vitro

This work has examined the hot-pressurized fluid extraction of seven flavonoids, caffeic acid phenethyl ester and four phenolic acids from Brazilian propolis lumps generating, during the process, fat- and water-soluble extracts. The solid content of water-soluble extract obtained by hot-pressurized water in the presence of 29% natural surfactant was 35.2 mg/mL and was 44% greater than that obtained without natural surfactant. Furthermore the amount of the seven flavonoids and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in the fat-soluble extract exceeded those in the water-soluble sample while, on the other hand, the amount of the four phenolic acids in the water-soluble extract was more than those in the fat-soluble extract. Our findings show that the total solid content and the amount of these 12 active compounds produced by the emulsified hot-pressurized water are 36% and 7% higher, respectively, than those produced by emulsified water at atmospheric pressure. The EC₅₀ value of the free radical scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl of the emulsified hot-pressurized water extract was the lowest, and presented the strongest anti-oxidation ability among all the extracts. In vitro cytotoxicity indicated that the water-soluble extract strongly suppressed the growth of leukemia (HL-60, U937), lung cancer (A549, CH27) and liver cancer (Hep G2, Hep 3B) cells in a concentration-dependent behavior.     

玻璃钢复合材料基体树脂的发展现状

本文主要介绍玻璃钢复合材料基体树脂近几年发展情况，介绍基体树脂改性和应用，主要包括：不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、乙烯基酯树脂、酚醛树脂，还简单介绍了热塑性基体树脂及应用。     

热固性树脂微波固化研究进展

综述了近年来热固性树脂及其复合材料的微波固化研究进展,重点讨论了热固性树脂微波固化与加热固化的比较,热固性树脂微波固化工艺,颗粒、纤维增强树脂基复合材料的微波固化研究。研究发现微波固化和热固化在本质上是相同的,然而,微波极大地加速了固化进程,对体系性能无损害;加入无机、金属填料以及纤维可以改变体系介电性能,控制微波工艺对材料进行精加工。最后介绍了微波热效应原理,并展望了微波热固化技术发展与应用。     

Novel conventional and chelating anion exchange resins with amino ligands for sorption of silver

ABSTRACT

The polymeric resins containing diethylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine, 2-(diethylamino)ethanol, 1-methylimidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole ligands have been synthesized from vinylbenzyl chloride-divinylbenzene copolymers and used in the removal of Ag(I) from chloride solution. The best Ag(I) sorption was reached in the case of 1-methylimidazole resin. Resins retain their capacity towards Ag(I) in five consecutive sorption/desorption cycles. The resins with imidazole ligands were highly selective for Ag(I) from synthetic chloride solution and they did not sorb chloride complexes of Cu(II). Additionally, the recovery of Ag(I) was tested from real chloride solution coming from leaching of the copper concentrate from Lubin Concentrator (KGHM Polska Mied? S.A.).     

煤焦油改性酚醛树脂研究

引入含有多环芳烃煤焦油组分来改性酚醛树脂,在反应釜中按一定比例加入苯酚、甲醛、氢氧化钠和煤焦油.在碱性催化剂作用下反应4～7 h,真空脱水,得到了煤焦油改性热固性酚醛树脂.对改性后树脂的固含量、残炭值测定和热失重-差热分析,结果表明煤焦油加入量为苯酚质量的15%时改性树脂具有较大的固含量和残炭值,耐热性也得到了显著提高.     

汽车刹车片用改性酚醛树脂的生产

在原有的酚醛树脂生产设备上，用腰果壳油和三聚氰胺对酚醛树脂进行改性，制得的改性树脂具有较好的软化点、聚合速度、挥发度和游离酚等性能；并且热分解温度较普通酚醛树脂大大提高。用它作胶粘剂生产的汽车刹车片，冲击强度增大：磨损率降低、摩擦性能提高、产品成本也大为降低。     

先进复合材料基体树脂的增韧研究

通过4种聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)PID、PIM、PIP和PIB改性3种热固性树脂(环氧、氰酸酯以及双马来酰亚胺树脂)的研究,讨论了PEI结构、用量、分子质量以及固化剂用量等因素对改性体系的相结构以及力学性能的影响,结果表明控制相结构是增韧基体树脂的关键因素,对基体树脂增韧的研究有指导意义。对不同的热固性树脂体系需采用不同的结构、配方和固化工艺。PIP改性环氧体系呈现的双连续相结构,PEI改性双马来酰亚胺体系,PEI质量分数为5%时呈现了PIM分散粒子相结构,PEI质量分数为10%时呈现了双连续相结构而PEI质量分数大于15%时呈现了相反转结构,PIP分子质量为18 000或20 000时呈现了双连续相结构,而对于PIP改性氰酸酯体系高PIP分子质量较低的呈现双连续相结构,该体系在120℃固化6 h呈现相反转结构,而150℃或180℃固化形成双连续相结构,双连续相结构增韧效果明显。     

Curing process of powdered phenol–formaldehyde resol resins and the role of water in the curing systems

The curing behavior of two kinds of commercial powdered resol phenolic resins was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Liquid‐state ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopy was used to aid in understanding the curing behavior by detecting the structure of powdered resins. The reaction mechanism was interpreted with the dependency of activation energy on the degree of conversion. The results indicate that there are differences in the curing mechanism between core and face phenolic resins. The curing process of core resin was faster than that of face resin at the same reaction temperature. The water added in the curing system played an important role of plasticizer or diluent according to different curing stages and water content. In the initial curing stage, water mainly diluted the system and retarded the curing reactions. However, at the higher degrees of conversion, water played the role of plasticizer to decrease the effect of diffusion on the curing reactions to make the curing reactions more complete. The excess water added in the curing system played the role of diluent at almost all stages during the curing process. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1371–1378, 2003     

Kinetics of thermal decomposition of unsaturated polyester resins with reduced flammability

In this article, the kinetics of thermal decomposition of unsaturated maleic–phthalic polyester resins, flame‐retarded with zinc hydroxystannate, was studied by thermogravimetric analysis at different heating rates. At the first stage, it was found, on the basis of isoconversional analysis by the methods of Friedman and of Ozawa–Flynn–Wall, that the value of the (apparent) activation energy (E) characteristically changes in three steps during the degradation. Further kinetic studies using nonlinear regression methods revealed the best fits for both pristine and stabilized resins. It was observed that the course of E versus the degree of conversion (α) during degradation of zinc hydroxystannate‐containing resins (α > 0.8) was characterized by higher values of E—this phenomenon can be explained in terms of the flame‐retardation action of zinc hydroxystannate, which is believed to operate primarily in the condensed phase. At the next stage, kinetic analysis by the nonregression method was performed to find the kinetic model [f(α) function] of the decomposition process; hence, for pristine resin, the best fit was found for the Avrami–Yerofeeyev model (nuclei growth), and for stabilized samples, the nth‐order function with catalysis proved to be the best approximation. The obtained kinetic parameters in the form of E, the preexponential factor A, and the model function f(α) allow a prediction of the polyester resin's thermal behavior in an extrapolated range of degree of conversion, time, and temperature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2851–2857, 2003